This article discusses an overview of types of electric motors which include dc motors, ac motors, and special purpose motors. Motor types that most effectively meet these requirements include ac induction motors acim, permanent magnet synchronous motors pmsm, brushless dc. The armature windings are made up of current carrying conductors that terminate at a commutator. Electrical motor types classification and history of motor. Module 6 dc motors this module describes the types of dc motors and includes discussions of speed control, applications, and load characteristics. Types, losses in induction motors, motor efficiency, factors affecting motor performance, rewinding and motor replacement issues, energy. There are two types of induction motors, one with wound type rotor, also called slipring motor and. The working principle of the dc motor is based on the principle that the current carrying conductor is. Transmission of electrical energy covered longer distances at a lower loss with alternating current. By far the most commonly used ac motor is the induction motor. Basically, there are two types of electrical motors they are the dc and ac type. The stator is a permanent magnet, so the motor is smaller in size. Ac motors are classified into two types like synchronous motors and asynchronous motors.
In most cases, the considerations can be extended to the other types. But the dc motor has the wide range of speed and good speed regulation which in electric traction. Different types of electric actuators and its applications. These motors are made in very small sizes and ratings. Electric motor is a machine which converts electric energy into mechanical energy. The motor must align with the purpose and overall performance goals of the system. Different types of electric motors and their applications elprocus. The stator is the stationary part of the motors electromagnetic circuit. Different types of electric motors and their applications. Jul 11, 2019 apart from the four basic types of motor mentioned above, there are several types of special electrical motors like linear induction motorlim, stepper motor, servo motor etc with special features that has been developed according to the needs of the industry or for a particular particular gadget like the use of hysteresis motor in hand.
There are many types of ac motors, but this course focuses on threephase induction motors, the most common type of motor used in industrial applications. Other motors that are included are 1phase induction motors, permanent synchronous. Precise speed control servo motors made from different types of motors, including ac servo motors, brushed dc motors and brushless dc motors. Threephase induction motors are commonly used in industrial applications. Of these types, brush motors are by far the most common. List and describe the more commonly used equipment in an electric substation. Types of dc motor circuit globe all about electrical and.
Electric motors and drives fundamentals, types and applications third edition austin hughes senior fellow, school of electronic and electrical engineering, university of leeds amsterdam boston heidelberg london new york oxford paris san diego san francisco singapore sydney tokyo newnes is an imprint of. Generally, dc compound motor is a hybrid component of dc series and shunt motors. Apr 11, 2020 single phase ac electrical supply is what is typically supplied in a home. Many construction projects require the work of all three types of electrical contractors. Mostafa elshahed objectives learn a brief history of the electrical power systems construction. An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Volume 3 of 4 module 7 basic ac theory this module describes the basic concepts of alternating current ac electrical circuits and discusses the associated terminology. In these motors, the magnetic field is produced by small magnets. Electrical motor types classification and history of. Electric motors and drives fundamentals, types and applications, 4th ed. In an induction motor, the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained via electromagnetic induction from the rotating magnetic field of the stator winding. The three categories differ in the type of work each electrician performs. Two types of electric motors are used in electric vehicles to provide power to the wheels. A useful introduction to electric motors electrical.
The dc motor converts the electrical power into mechanical power is known as dc motor. Energy efficient motors from crompton greaves cg motors are designed as per iec, is and nema regulations. A conduit can be made of metal or plastic and may be rigid or flexible. The working of the synchronous motor mainly depends on the 3phase supply. Without the motor, we had still been living in sir thomas edisons era where the only purpose of electricity would have been to glow bulbs. Oct 05, 2019 a device that transforms the form of input electrical energy to an output mechanical energy. These motors are used where very small driving torque is required like toys. The construction of the dc motor and generator are same. After the introduction of the dc electrical distribution system by edison in the united states, a gradual transition to the more economical ac system commenced.
Ok, lets take a short overview of twelve most basic motor types used for different industrial electric drives. Aug 27, 2019 the term electrical conduit refers to durable tubing or other types of enclosure used to protect and provide a route for individual electrical wiring conductors. Different types of electric actuators have versions for various power configurations and come in many styles and sizes depending on the application. Conduit is typically required where wiring is exposed or where it might be subject to damage. Pdf in this study, switched reluctance motor srm, induction motor im, brushless dc motor, and permanent magnet motor pm, and their. Its because of motors, life is what it is today in the 21st century. An electric motor is a device converting electrical energy into. Basically, there are three types of electric motors, ac motors like synchronous and asynchronous motors, dc motors like brushed and brushless and special purpose motors. These types of motors are featured with new form of control valves that stays very efficient for precise handling. Types, losses in induction motors, motor efficiency, factors affecting motor performance, rewinding and motor replacement issues, energy saving opportunities with energy efficient motors. This type of motor has the following three main parts. Therefore such motors are known as induction motors. Nov 03, 2019 an induction motor also known as an asynchronous motor is a commonly used ac electric motor. Electric motors up to 250 frame size are made of grey cast iron.
Sb lift motors these are specially designed to support auto leveling of loads. May 07, 2019 hysteresis motors with respect to the supply frequency, the speed is uniquely related and it is one of the rarest features of synchronous motors. Singlephase twophase threephase the presentation will describe the basics of the threephase brushless motor because it is the most common version. Three phase electrical power is commonly only available in a factory setting. Senior fellow, school of electronic and electrical engineering. Brushed bdc motors pictured to the right have a brush on the inside that alternates the electrical current commutates through the armature at the same speed as the rotation of the motor. A motor is nothing but an electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. When planning a motion control system, the choice of motor is extremely important. In this type of motor, both the fields like series and shunt are present. Due to its simplicity, robustness and low cost, this type of motor is the most widely used and, in practical terms, is quite suitable for almost all types of machines. Rotates a number of degrees with each electric pulse. An ac motor of this type may be part of a pump or fan or. Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Cooling is provided by fans blowing external air over the ribbed ou side surface cooling system ic 411 according to iec 600346 or en 60 0346. As you already know, there are two electrical elements of a dc motor, the field windings and the armature. Electric motors objectives after studying this unit, the student will be able to state the purpose of an electric motor. They can do its commutation mechanically, in the brushes, what generates sparks, less efficiency, emi and rfi and more brush wear. These include brush motors, brushless motors, and stepper motors. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor s magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate force in the form of torque applied on the motor s shaft. Introduction to ac motors ac motors electronics textbook. Ac motors are used worldwide in many applications to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. It is therefore used in starter motors of cars and elevator motors p. The ac induction motor is the most used electrical motor in industrial applications worldwide.
Types of ac motors classification and uses of alternating. By motion control online marketing team posted 09062016. Basically, an electric actuator is one kind of gear motor which can be of various voltages and is the main torque producing component. In most dc motors, the magnet is in the stator and the current is owing in the rotor. Pdf electric motors and drives fundamentals, types and. Types of electric motors for electric bikes sanyo eneloop electric bike hub as the early crank drive motors were so expensive, hub motors were developed as a cheaper alternative. The dc type machines are normally used in small applications whereas the ac type has its importance in a wide range of applications. Dec 17, 2015 there are a few different types of dc motors that are briefly discussed in the following list. These types of motors have different outer cage arrangements, depending upon the usage or any special industrial requirement. These are the most common type of ac motor and important in industry due to their load capacity with singlephase induction motors being. There are lots of applications of for several special types of synchronous motors in devices like tap. As the name suggests, these motors have a rotating part that is energized major part is the rotor, and to energize it brushes are used. An electrical motor is a device that has brought about one of the biggest advancements in the fields of engineering and technology ever since the invention. Sep 15, 2019 an electric motor is an electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Its action is based on the principle that when a currentcarrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force whose direction is give. The rotor of an induction motor can be a squirrel cage rotor or wound. Classification of electric motors electrical knowhow. There are many different electrical motors, but this thesis and the course that was made, focus mostly on the ac induction motor. The stator and rotor do the work, and the enclosure protects the stator and rotor. Electric motors are of totally enclosed, fancooled blowover type. These controls use position feedback for closing the control loop and are commonly used in combination with resolvers, encoders, and hall effect sensors for directly measuring the position of rotors. Motor speci cations usually involve several quantities. Electrical contractors fall into one of three type of contractors. The stator in the electric motor generates the field current which rotates in a stable speed based on the ac frequency. Differentiate between the various types of generating electric power stations. Brushless motors overview there are different types of brushless motors. The types of ac motors mainly include synchronous, asynchronous, induction motor.
In a synchronous motor, the revolution of the rotor can be synchronized through the frequency of the current supply and the motor speed remains stable under unstable loads. For motors used in gas and oil terminals, the casing must be of intrinsically safe, thus it may either have a enclosed casing or a pipe ventilated arrangement such that the sparks produced inside. Pdf a survey on comparison of electric motor types and drives. Electric motors are now more diverse and adaptable than ever before. An induction motor also known as an asynchronous motor is a commonly used ac electric motor. These motors, again as the name indicates, are mounted in the hub the center part of the wheel, usually the rear wheel.
155 388 19 432 292 210 922 837 359 650 885 1193 1072 518 1183 388 1096 318 969 565 713 86 572 113 1513 177 1000 61 802 1381 324 1366 672 498 302 390 21 615 560 198 834 292